Izinzwa zoxinzelelo lomoya, amacandelo asisiseko kwimiriyadi yezicelo, zizixhobo eziyilelwe ukulinganisa nokubeka iliso kuxinzelelo lomoya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zivamvo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo kwiimoto, ezomoya, ukuqikelela imozulu, kunye namacandelo ombane wabathengi, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani izinzwa zoxinzelelo lomoya kubandakanya ukuphonononga kwimigaqo yokuva uxinzelelo lomoya, itekhnoloji esemva kwezi zinzwa, kunye nosetyenziso lwazo olwahlukeneyo.
Umgaqo oSebenzayo weeSensors zoxinzelelo
Izinzwa zoxinzelelo zizixhobo ezikwaziyo ukubona kunye nokulinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya, olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimeteorology, inqwelomoya, iimoto, kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi. Ezi zivamvo zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yoluvo olwahlukeneyo ukuguqula utshintsho loxinzelelo kwimiqondiso yombane, kubandakanya i-piezoelectric, i-capacitive, kunye netekhnoloji echasayo.
Uhlahlelo oluneenkcukacha lweTekhnoloji yokubona:
- Iteknoloji yePiezoelectric:Iinzwa ze-Piezoelectric zisebenza ngokusekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-piezoelectric yezinto eziphathekayo, apho utshintsho lwangaphakathi lwangaphakathi luvelisa iindleko zombane phantsi koxinzelelo. Ezi zinzwa zixabiswa ngenxa yovakalelo lwabo oluphezulu kunye nexesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, okwenza ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo zebhubhoratri ezichanekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezichanekileyo zoshishino.
- Itekhnoloji yobuchule:I-capacitive sensors ilinganisa utshintsho loxinzelelo ngokufumanisa ukuhluka kwi-capacitance phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini zetsimbi. Njengoko uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric lutshintsha, umgama phakathi kwamacwecwe uyatshintsha, ukuguqula i-capacitance. Le teknoloji ifanelekile kwizikhululo zemozulu, ibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu koxinzelelo lwemozulu olubalulekileyo kuqikelelo lwemozulu oluchanekileyo.
- Itekhnoloji yokumelana:Izinzwa ezixhathisayo zisebenza ngokubona utshintsho ekuchaseni okubangelwa ukuhluka koxinzelelo. Ezi zinzwa zilula, zingabizi kakhulu, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemoto.
Into yokuphonononga:
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zoxinzelelo lwe-capacitive kwizikhululo zokubikezela imozulu kusebenza njengomzekelo obalaseleyo wendlela imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo echanekileyo inokuphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwengqikelelo, okubalulekileyo ekucwangciseni imisebenzi yangaphandle kunye neeshedyuli zokubhabha ngenqwelomoya.
Kwizikhululo zemeteorological, i-capacitive pressure sensors isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Njengoko i-altitude itshintsha okanye iinkqubo zemozulu (ezifana neenkqubo eziphakamileyo nezisezantsi) zihamba, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric luyahluka. Ngokuqhubeka bebeka esweni olu tshintsho lwemozulu, izazi ngemozulu ziyakwazi ukulandelela ukuhamba kweenkqubo zemozulu zize ziqikelele iinguqulelo zemozulu (ezifana neemeko ezicacileyo, ezinemvula, okanye izaqhwithi), ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwemozulu.
Izinzwa zoxinzelelo lwe-Capacitive zibandakanya iipleyiti zetsimbi ezimbini ezihambelanayo, kunye nesithuba phakathi kwazo esizaliswe yi-insulating material (dielectric). Xa uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lusetyenziswa kwi-sensor, umgama phakathi kwezi zimbini iipleyiti zetsimbi zitshintsha, ngaloo ndlela ziguqula amandla abo (amandla okugcina intlawulo). Utshintsho kwi-capacitance luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo noxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ngokulinganisa olu tshintsho, uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lunokubalwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Uvakalelo oluphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kwezinzwa zoxinzelelo lwe-capacitive zibenza zibe zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kuqikelelo lwemozulu. Imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo echanekileyo inceda ababikezeli baqonde ngcono utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, oluhlala lubonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwemozulu. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zinzwa zingasebenza ngokuzinzile phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu, ziqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuthembeka kwedatha.
Uthelekiso lweTekhnoloji:
Ukuthelekisa obu bugcisa buveza ukuba izinzwa ze-piezoelectric zigqwesa ngokuchaneka kunye nesantya sokuphendula kodwa ziza ngexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu. I-capacitive sensors isebenza ngokugqwesileyo kuzinzo kunye nokuchaneka, ilungele imilinganiselo yemozulu. Abenzi boluvo abaxhathisayo bayathandwa ngenxa yexabiso labo kunye nokusebenza okubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeSensors zoxinzelelo kuShishino lwezeMoto
I-Resistive sensors zizixhobo ezilinganisa uxinzelelo ngokusebenzisa umgaqo wokuba ukuchasana kuyatshintsha kunye notshintsho loxinzelelo. Amacandelo angundoqo ezi zivamvo zidla ngokuvela kwizinto ezinovakalelo kutshintsho loxinzelelo. Xa uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo, ifom yabo yomzimba iyatshintsha, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni ukuchasana. Olu tshintsho lunokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngesekethe kwaye luguqulelwe kufundo loxinzelelo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esilula kunye neendleko-zokusebenza, izinzwa ezixhathisayo zithandwa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezicelo zeemoto.
Kwizicelo zeemoto, izinzwa ezixhathisayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Babona utshintsho loxinzelelo ngokulinganisa utshintsho ekuchaseni, kwaye ukulula kwabo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kubenza babe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kwiindawo zemoto kunye nezoshishino. Ngokomzekelo, kwiinkqubo zokulawula iinjini zeemoto, ii-sensors eziphikisayo zijongene nokubeka iliso utshintsho loxinzelelo kwi-manifold intake. Le datha isetyenziswe yiYunithi yoLawulo lweeNjini (ECU) ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo we-air-to-fuel, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa. Ngaphaya kokusebenza kakuhle, izinzwa ezixhathisayo zikwadlala indima ephambili ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lokuqhuba. Zisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni utshintsho loxinzelelo kwiinkqubo ezibangela ukuthunyelwa kwe-airbag ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokungqubana. Ukongezelela, isicelo sabo sandisa ukuzinza kwesithuthi kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela i-rollover, ngokuqhubekayo ukubeka iliso uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesithuthi kunye nokuzinza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba.
Ngokusetyenziswa okutsha kobu buchwepheshe, izinzwa ezixhathisayo aziphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezithuthi kodwa zikwaphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lomkhweli kunye nentuthuzelo. Ngenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphishekela okuqhubekayo kweendleko-zokusebenza, iinzwa ezixhathisayo ziya kuqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini leemoto, ukuqhuba ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ixesha elizayo kwiiSensors zoxinzelelo
Ukudityaniswa ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT):
Ngokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwe-IoT, ii-sensor zoxinzelelo ziya zidibanisa ngakumbi kunye nezixhobo ze-IoT, ezivumela ukubeka iliso kude kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. Kumakhaya ahlakaniphileyo kunye ne-automation ye-industrial, idatha yexesha langempela ukusuka kwi-sensor sensors ingasetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni utshintsho lwendalo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
Izixhobo ezitsha kunye nezinto ezintsha zobuchwephesha:
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha (ezifana nama-nanomaterials) kunye nobuchwepheshe (njenge-teknoloji ye-MEMS) yenze i-sensors zoxinzelelo zincinci, zichaneke ngakumbi, kwaye zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala khona. Olu lutsha alufezekisi kuphela iimfuno zezicelo zangoku kodwa luvula iingcango zezicelo zexesha elizayo ezifana nezixhobo ezinxitywayo kunye nezixhobo zokujonga imeko egqithisileyo.
Amathuba ezicelo zexesha elizayo:
Izinzwa zoxinzelelo kulindeleke ukuba zidlale indima enkulu kumasimi asakhasayo njengokujongwa kwendalo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye nezixeko ezikrelekrele. Ngokomzekelo, iinzwa zoxinzelelo zinokubeka iliso kwimpembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ukubonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo yophando lwesayensi.
Ngolu hlalutyo luneenkcukacha kunye nezifundo zemeko, sinokubona usetyenziso olubanzi lwezinzwa zoxinzelelo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla azo ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Ngenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, iinzwa zoxinzelelo ziya kuqhubeka zidlala indima ephambili kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukuzisa izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphucula.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-21-2024